Violence against women is a very serious and sensitive issue as it is one of the most pervasive of human rights violation denying fundamental rights to almost half of population (females and girls).Domestic violence is much more drastic than violence outside because home is a place where individual seeks 4/12/ · Domestic Violence against women reaches all socioeconomic levels. Domestic Violence is not prejudice. However, most women whom suffer from domestic violence have come from a life of poverty and little or no education. There are many factors that play in part for a woman to become a victim of domestic violence 17/5/ · Domestic violence is commonly considered as mistreatment of women; however, there are other forms of domestic violence that also affect men, women, and children. Domestic violence occurs in different forms of not only sexual abuse, but also physical abuse, and mental abuse. Numerous cases of domestic violence are reported annually
Domestic Violence, Essay Sample
Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — Domestic Violence — An Analysis Essay on domestic violence against women on Domestic Violence Against Women. Domestic violence against women is a serious and widespread problem that is just not confined to the UK as Heise et al indicates that between 20 to 50 per cent of women in most countries experience spousal abuse at least once in their lives.
During almost one third of 4, women murdered in the United States were killed by their boyfriend or husbands. Nor does domestic violence stop at mere physical abuse, but can include sexual, verbal, spiritual, emotional or longer lasting psychological abuse that can cause a broad range of health problems including full mental breakdowns, essay on domestic violence against women. A study by Stark and Flitcroft suggests that domestic violence may be the single most important cause of female suicides especially among black and pregnant women.
For the purpose of this essay, I will concentrate on exploring the issues surrounding the question why do men abuse, and due to word limit, I will concentrate on spousal abuse and the causes and variables that contribute to domestic violence. These causes will include patriarchy, social structural perspective, cycle of violence and alcohol. Domestic violence to women is commonly referred to simply as domestic violence but for clarity during this essay I will use the terms domestic violence and abuse interchangeably to refer to violence against women.
The term domestic violence is also a confusing term. It covers many types of abuse and not just acts of physical abuse, as physical violence is usually but one aspect of a now well documented pattern of abuse which may include verbal threats, intimidation, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, physical and social isolation, economic deprivation and the like.
Dobash and Dobash Nor does there seem to be a consensus on the severity of violence required for an act to be considered abuse. Because of the above confusion, I have decided to use the definition from the American Psychological Association APAessay on domestic violence against women, which is internationally recognised, respected and used by many professionals and academics, essay on domestic violence against women. The husband also might give his wife moderate correction.
For as he is to answer for his misbehaviour the law thought it reasonable to entrust him with this power of restraining her by domestic chastisement in the same moderation that a man is essay on domestic violence against women to correct his servant or children Blackstone,Vol.
Cited in Pahl4. However women still had to wait another 20 or so years until the late s and essay on domestic violence against women before domestic violence went through a evolution from a private matter to a social problem and in the case of wife battering to a statute crime.
Throughout documented history, the man has always been called upon to go to war and violently respond to threats, attacks and invasions.
Because war has been glorified, men have become heroes and moral judgement about the legitimacy of male violence is established. Thus violence has become the legitimated form of male behaviour, and the outcome of this process is that violent acts become implicit in the institutionalised definition of masculinity. Men at birth become members of the superior gender and one automatically empowered to have superior rights, roles, opportunities and power in comparison to women.
Consequently, men feel violence is an acceptable means of enforcing control French ; Connell ; Stark and Flitcroft Gelles acknowledges the role of patriarchy and the theory of unequal power relationships as a cause of domestic violence.
However, he suggests that patriarchy is just one variable in a very complex constellation of causes. In contrast though, Johnson argues that the feminist explanation of domestic violence is flawed for two reasons.
The first reason is that feminist analyses rely too heavily upon data collected from women who have been battered and especially from those who have been in contact with the police or other social service agencies, thus rendering the data uncertain.
The second reason is that feminist theorists employ a single-variable analysis that concentrates on patriarchy and ignores the impact of factors such as income, unemployment, cohabiting and age which may affect the perpetration of domestic violence which Johnson acknowledges as the social structural perspective. Other explanations that indicate economic stresses as the cause of domestic violence, at the outset, essay on domestic violence against women, direct the attention to stresses derived from economic and social disadvantages.
Thus it is claimed that such violence against wives was seen as primarily A lower-class phenomenon, as the lower classes are more susceptible to such pressures. Goodein principle, agrees that life stresses are a causal factor of domestic violence as he acknowledges that violence is an ultimate resource used to derive power essay on domestic violence against women a relationship.
However, Goode goes one-step further by suggesting that not only life stresses cause domestic violence, but that there are links with socio-demographic positions.
For instance, middle-class professional men can maintain power and control essay on domestic violence against women their families by controlling the economic recourses whereas these sources of power erode for working-class men when their female partners enter the labour force. Thus gender matters in cases of domestic violence may be linked to socio-economic inequality and from this perspective it is seen that both power differences between partners and socio-demographic positions influence propensities for violence Goode ; Hornung et al However, Kalmuss and Straus found discrepancies in the above research as they found men were more likely to engage in domestic violence where the woman was economically dependent solely on the man.
On reflection, although it may be possible for economic stresses to incite violence and stressful life events may distinguish families who are prone to domestic violence, it cannot be possible to rely solely on stresses as an explanation of abuse.
Another explanation of domestic violence that has been much researched and documented is that of learned behaviour which is sometimes known as the cycle of violence. The Cycle of Violence Essay on domestic violence against women well-documented studies show that domestic violence may occur when a child has been exposed to, witnessed or experienced domestic violence in their family origin. One such study carried out by Strauss et al found that there was a clear trend for violence in childhood to produce violence in adult life; Violence by parents begets violence in the next generation?
Their study concluded that men who were born to violent families were 10 times more likely to hit their essay on domestic violence against women than those raised in non violent families. Similarly, Stacey and Shup also came to the same conclusion as their research determined that out of their sample, six out of ten perpetrators of domestic violence had witnessed physical violence by their parents and four out of ten had been physically abused by their parents.
Although the theory of the cycle of violence, sometimes better known as learned behaviour, is a popular one, a number of experts and academics have questioned its validity, and in particular the studies that are presented to support it. The main question concerns the empirical data put forward as evidence as it often relies upon self-reports from individual case histories and reports from service providers.
Even if the data is provided from reliable sources, it is argued that the samples are too small and unrepresentative. The samples are based upon groups of people known either to be violent in some way or to be the victim ofviolence, whose backgrounds are then examined for evidence of violence in their families of origin. Another problem facing these types of studies as I mentioned earlier is that there is no clear or consistent definition of domestic violence.
When there is the definition it is often ambiguous and renders many studies inappropriate for comparative research. A final point that I would like to reflect upon is the link between alcohol and domestic violence Alcohol and Domestic Violence The association between alcohol and domestic violence has been much studied and documented.
However there is much disagreement about whether alcohol is a cause of domestic violence or just a contributing factor. Widom believes alcohol is a cause of abuse as it impairs judgement, reduces inhibition and increases aggression. His study shows that 52 per cent of his sample of women who had been abused by their partners stated that they were drunk at least once a week whilst 22 per cent indicated that violence only occurred when their partners had been drinking Gayford In contrast to the above, Larouch maintains that although alcohol may lower both awareness and self control, a person who uses it is still both responsible for drinking it and for their behaviour.
If this is so, then people cannot be held responsible for what they do under the influence of alcohol. As a consequence, perpetrators of domestic violence could be partly excused for their actions and society could be seduced into accepting that the violence is the fault of the alcohol.
If this happens then it could draw attention away from the fact that domestic violence is a crime and must be responded to as a crime. Others argue that although alcohol is no doubt involved in some incidents of domestic violence within the home, alcohol is also consumed in families where there is no abuse; in addition, all alcoholics are not violent, essay on domestic violence against women.
This side of the argument suggests that alcohol consumption is neither a necessary nor sufficient excuse for domestic violence. The Queensland Domestic Violence Task Force also recognises essay on domestic violence against women excessive use of alcohol is often linked to domestic violence as indicated by figure 2 It maintains that it is more of a contributing factor rather than a causation of domestic violence.
Conclusion In summing up, the explanations for the causes of domestic violence against women are varied. Some explanations seek the origin of the abuse such as patriarchy, essay on domestic violence against women, some seek the issues in a broader social context within which violence takes place. Thus it does appear that there is no simple explanation for domestic violence against women.
For instance, if we look towards socio-demographic explanations as the cause these might suggest that women should be more violent than men within the home as they have fewer life chances and fewer socio-economic resources from which they can derive power in relation to their partners. Even the well-documented cycle of violence or violence as learned behaviour is criticised for relying too heavily on self-reports, which are often too small and unrepresentative, producing problematic data.
Even the most popular societal explanation of domestic violence, alcohol, cannot be used as a stand-alone causal factor, only as a contributing factor. However, whatever are the contributing factors, nothing can take away the seriousness of the crime. Indeed it is paramount that domestic violence is recognised as a crime and not left behind closed doors or considered the essay on domestic violence against women matter many feel it should be.
If this were to happen the actual amount of domestic violence that exists would not be known. In conclusion, I believe, in order to understand domestic violence better, academics and theorists must work towards an integrated sociological theory of violence and abuse because the explanations of domestic violence are complex and certainly multi-factorial.
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Domestic Violence Violence against Women 4 Pages According to the National Coalition Against Domestic Violence (NCADV), on average, twenty people per minute are physically abused by their partner in the U. S. That number comes out to more than 10 million men and women (NCADV, ). With domestic abuse being such a Violence against women is a very serious and sensitive issue as it is one of the most pervasive of human rights violation denying fundamental rights to almost half of population (females and girls).Domestic violence is much more drastic than violence outside because home is a place where individual seeks 2/12/ · Essay title: Domestic Violence Against Women and Children Domestic Violence 2 Domestic Violence Against Women and Children The statistics of domestic violence are rising each year despite the increase of the availability of help for the victims that this blogger.comted Reading Time: 4 mins
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